Hereditary Polyposis: Causes, Risks, and What You Need to Know

When hereditary polyposis, a genetic condition that causes hundreds to thousands of polyps to form in the colon and rectum. Also known as familial adenomatous polyposis, it doesn’t just mean occasional digestive discomfort—it means a near-certain path to colorectal cancer if left unchecked. This isn’t something that shows up in your 60s. People with this condition often start developing polyps in their teens, and without intervention, cancer is almost guaranteed by age 40.

It’s passed down through families, usually from one parent. If you have a close relative with hereditary polyposis, your risk isn’t just higher—it’s close to 50%. And while the polyps themselves are benign at first, they’re like ticking time bombs. Each one has the potential to turn cancerous. That’s why regular colonoscopies aren’t optional—they’re life-saving. Some families even opt for preventive surgery in their 20s or 30s to remove the colon before cancer develops.

It’s not just about the colon. People with hereditary polyposis also face higher risks for other cancers—like those in the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and even the thyroid. That’s why monitoring doesn’t stop at the colon. Doctors often recommend yearly upper endoscopies, thyroid ultrasounds, and skin checks. And while there’s no cure, catching problems early makes all the difference. A simple polyp removal during a colonoscopy can stop cancer before it starts.

Genetic testing is a game-changer here. If you know your family history, a blood test can confirm whether you carry the APC gene mutation responsible for most cases. That knowledge lets you act—before symptoms appear. It also helps your siblings, kids, and other relatives get tested. It’s not just about you. It’s about protecting your whole family.

There’s no sugarcoating it: hereditary polyposis changes your life. But it doesn’t have to end it. With the right screening, monitoring, and sometimes surgery, many people live full, healthy lives. The key is knowing your risk and acting fast. Below, you’ll find real-world guides on managing symptoms, understanding treatment options, and navigating the emotional and medical challenges that come with this condition. This isn’t theory—it’s what people are actually doing to stay alive.